Output A valid or invalid signature result Input A message, its digital signature and a trusted public key A digital signature verifies a message against a public key RevealsLearning
Output The original message reconstructed despite limited transmission errors Input A transmitted message encoded with sufficient error-correction redundancy Error-correcting codes can recover damaged data TransformsLearning
Output The target located or excluded in at most about ten comparisons Input A target value and a sorted list of 1,024 items Binary search halves a sorted search space SolvesLearning
Output An estimated position, time and often velocity Input Timestamped radio signals from multiple GPS satellites GPS turns timed satellite signals into a position estimate TransformsLearning
Output A matching digest or a clear integrity warning Input A downloaded file and its publisher’s trusted SHA-256 digest A cryptographic hash reveals whether file bytes changed RevealsLearning
Output Composite Input Background Lower opacity blends a foreground with its background TransformsLearning
Output A UTF-8 JSON response a client can parse Input A server-side record object An API serialises an object as JSON TransformsLearning
Output Readable cached content without a live connection Input A previously cached public record opened without connectivity A service worker can serve a page offline TransformsLearning
Output A suitably sized image for the current display Input An image element with srcset and sizes candidates Responsive images select an efficient source TransformsLearning
Output An IP address the browser can connect to Input A browser needing the address for example.com DNS turns a domain name into an address TransformsLearning
Output An immutable commit identifier in the repository graph Input Staged file changes and a commit message A Git commit records a project snapshot TransformsLearning
Output An integer that software can process Input A sensor producing a voltage between 0 and 3.3 volts An analogue sensor becomes a digital reading TransformsLearning
Output The decoded URL offered to the user Input A URL encoded as a QR symbol and scanned by a camera A QR code carries a URL into a phone TransformsLearning
Output Lower latency and fewer transferred bytes Input A browser requesting an unchanged versioned asset again HTTP caching makes repeat visits faster CausesLearning
Output Fewer examined rows and a faster query Input A query filtering a large table by an indexed column A database index speeds selective lookups CausesLearning
Output Confidential, tamper-evident traffic between browser and server Input A browser connecting to an HTTPS server TLS turns readable web traffic into protected records TransformsLearning
Output A smaller encoded file that restores the original bytes Input A file containing recurring byte sequences Lossless compression reduces data without losing content TransformsLearning
Output A fixed-length hexadecimal digest Input The UTF-8 text The Results Library A hash function turns input into a fixed-length digest TransformsLearning