Output The target located or excluded in at most about ten comparisons Input A target value and a sorted list of 1,024 items Binary search halves a sorted search space SolvesLearning
Output An estimated position, time and often velocity Input Timestamped radio signals from multiple GPS satellites GPS turns timed satellite signals into a position estimate TransformsLearning
Output A matching digest or a clear integrity warning Input A downloaded file and its publisher’s trusted SHA-256 digest A cryptographic hash reveals whether file bytes changed RevealsLearning
Output A 25 percent increase Input A quantity increasing from 80 to 100 Percentage change compares a difference with its starting value TransformsLearning
Output A slope of 2 vertical units per horizontal unit Input Points (2, 3) and (6, 11) on a line Slope converts two points into a rate of change TransformsLearning
Output Four outcomes, each with probability one quarter Input Two independent tosses of a fair coin Two fair coin tosses produce four equally likely ordered outcomes DemonstratesLearning
Output A balance of 121 after two periods Input A balance of 100 growing by 10 percent for two periods Compound interest applies growth to previous growth ProducesLearning
Output A hypotenuse length of 5 units Input A right triangle with perpendicular sides of 3 and 4 units The Pythagorean theorem finds a right triangle’s hypotenuse SolvesLearning
Output Less glare and clearer detail beneath or beyond the reflection Input A camera viewing reflective water through a rotated polarising filter A polarising filter can reduce reflected glare CausesLearning
Output Composite Input Background Lower opacity blends a foreground with its background TransformsLearning
Output Combined inks Input Cyan Cyan, magenta and yellow inks combine toward a dark neutral ProducesLearning
Output Ice remains partly above the liquid surface Input A piece of freshwater ice placed in liquid freshwater Ice floats because its solid structure is less dense CausesLearning
Output Paper pieces lift toward and may cling to the comb Input A charged plastic comb held close to tiny neutral paper pieces A static charge attracts small paper pieces CausesLearning
Output A brittle reddish-brown layer of rust on the iron Input Unprotected iron exposed to oxygen and moisture Iron rusts when water and oxygen are present ProducesLearning
Output Hotter cooking conditions and faster tenderising of many foods Input Water and food sealed in a pressure cooker over heat A pressure cooker raises water’s boiling temperature CausesLearning
Output A drier surface at a lower temperature than before evaporation Input Liquid water spread across a warm surface with moving dry air Evaporation cools a wet surface CausesLearning